CanadaTips

Getting a Permanent Job in Canada

1. What are the key steps to obtaining a permanent job in Canada?

To obtain a permanent job in Canada, there are several key steps you can follow:

1. Research and identify the job market in Canada: Understand the industries that are in demand, the job requirements, and the average salary expectations.

2. Obtain the necessary work authorization: Ensure you have the appropriate work permit or visa to legally work in Canada. This could be through programs like the Express Entry system or through a job offer from a Canadian employer.

3. Tailor your resume and cover letter for Canadian employers: Highlight relevant skills, qualifications, and experiences that align with the job you are applying for.

4. Network with professionals in your field: Attend job fairs, networking events, and connect with potential employers on platforms like LinkedIn.

5. Apply for jobs strategically: Be proactive in applying for jobs that match your qualifications and interests. Follow up on your applications and prepare for interviews accordingly.

6. Prepare for interviews: Research the company, practice common interview questions, and showcase your skills and experiences confidently during the interview process.

By following these key steps, you can increase your chances of obtaining a permanent job in Canada and building a successful career in the country.

2. What are the most in-demand industries for permanent jobs in Canada?

The most in-demand industries for permanent jobs in Canada generally include:

1. Technology: Canada’s tech sector is experiencing rapid growth, leading to an increased demand for skilled professionals in areas such as software development, cybersecurity, and data analysis.

2. Healthcare: With an aging population and increasing health care needs, the healthcare industry in Canada is always seeking qualified professionals, including doctors, nurses, and allied healthcare workers.

3. Finance: Canada’s financial sector, particularly in major cities like Toronto and Vancouver, offers numerous opportunities for individuals with expertise in areas such as banking, accounting, and financial planning.

4. Skilled Trades: There is a shortage of skilled trades workers in Canada, creating demand for professions such as electricians, plumbers, and carpenters.

5. Engineering: The engineering sector in Canada is constantly in need of skilled professionals in various fields such as civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering.

Overall, these industries offer a wide range of opportunities for individuals seeking permanent employment in Canada, with potential for career growth and stability.

3. How can I improve my chances of getting a permanent job in Canada as an international applicant?

To improve your chances of getting a permanent job in Canada as an international applicant, consider the following strategies:

1. Enhance your qualifications: Make sure your skills and experience align with the job market demands in Canada. Consider furthering your education or obtaining relevant certifications to stand out to potential employers.

2. Network: Connect with professionals in your industry in Canada through online platforms like LinkedIn, industry events, and job fairs. Networking can help you learn about job opportunities and get referrals.

3. Tailor your resume and cover letter: Customize your application materials to highlight how your skills and experience match the job requirements in Canada. Research Canadian resume formats and language norms to ensure your documents are tailored for the Canadian market.

4. Work on your communication and language skills: Good communication skills, including proficiency in English or French, are essential for success in the Canadian job market. Consider taking language courses or certification exams to demonstrate your proficiency.

5. Understand the Canadian job market: Research the industry trends, job opportunities, and employers in Canada to target your job search effectively. Familiarize yourself with the work culture and job application processes in Canada to better position yourself for success.

By taking these steps, you can improve your chances of securing a permanent job in Canada as an international applicant.

4. What are the typical requirements for obtaining a work permit for a permanent job in Canada?

To obtain a work permit for a permanent job in Canada, there are several typical requirements that need to be met:

1. Job Offer: You must have a job offer from a Canadian employer who is willing to support your application for a work permit.

2. Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA): In some cases, the employer may need to obtain a positive LMIA, which demonstrates that there is a need for a foreign worker to fill the job position.

3. Proof of Qualifications: You will need to provide evidence of your qualifications and work experience that are relevant to the job you have been offered.

4. Language Proficiency: Depending on the job requirements, you may need to demonstrate proficiency in English or French by taking a language test approved by the Canadian government.

5. Medical Examination: In some cases, you may be required to undergo a medical examination to ensure you are in good health.

6. Criminal Record Check: You may also need to provide a police clearance certificate to demonstrate that you have a clean criminal record.

Meeting these requirements will increase your chances of obtaining a work permit for a permanent job in Canada. It is important to carefully follow the application process and provide all necessary documentation to support your case.

5. How important is networking in securing a permanent job in Canada?

Networking is incredibly important in securing a permanent job in Canada. Here are some reasons why:

1. Access to job openings: Networking can provide you with access to hidden job opportunities that may not be advertised publicly. Many jobs are filled through referrals and recommendations from within professional networks.

2. Building relationships: Establishing connections with professionals in your industry can help you build relationships that may lead to job referrals, mentorship opportunities, and valuable insights into the job market.

3. Enhancing your reputation: Networking allows you to showcase your skills, experience, and expertise to potential employers and industry peers. This can help enhance your reputation and credibility, making you a more attractive candidate for permanent positions.

4. Learning about the job market: Networking enables you to stay informed about trends in your industry, job market demands, and potential career opportunities. This knowledge can help you tailor your job search strategy and make informed decisions about your career path.

5. Career advancement: Networking not only helps you secure a permanent job but also supports your long-term career growth. By expanding your professional network, you increase your chances of advancing in your field, accessing new opportunities, and staying competitive in the job market.

In conclusion, networking plays a crucial role in securing a permanent job in Canada by providing job access, building relationships, enhancing reputation, staying informed about the job market, and facilitating career advancement. It is essential for job seekers to actively engage in networking activities to increase their chances of finding a permanent job in Canada.

6. What are the differences between applying for a permanent job in Canada versus a temporary job?

When applying for a permanent job in Canada compared to a temporary job, there are several key differences to consider:

1. Job security: A permanent job in Canada typically offers greater job security compared to a temporary position. Permanent employees are less likely to face sudden layoffs or job termination, providing a sense of stability in terms of income and benefits.

2. Long-term career prospects: Permanent jobs often present better opportunities for long-term career growth and advancement within the company. Employers may invest more in the development of permanent employees, offering training programs and career progression pathways.

3. Benefits and perks: Permanent employees in Canada are usually entitled to a comprehensive benefits package, including health insurance, retirement plans, paid time off, and other perks. Temporary employees may have limited or no access to such benefits.

4. Commitment level: When applying for a permanent job, employers look for candidates who are committed to the company for the long term. Temporary jobs, on the other hand, may be more suitable for individuals seeking short-term employment or flexibility in their work arrangements.

5. Salary and compensation: Permanent positions often come with more competitive salaries and bonus structures compared to temporary roles. Employers are willing to invest more in permanent employees due to the long-term nature of the relationship.

6. Application process: The application process for permanent jobs in Canada can be more rigorous and competitive than for temporary positions. Employers may conduct multiple rounds of interviews, skills assessments, and background checks to ensure they are hiring the right candidate for a long-term commitment.

Overall, the decision to apply for a permanent job in Canada versus a temporary job depends on individual career goals, financial needs, and personal preferences regarding job security and stability. It is essential to consider these differences carefully before deciding which type of position aligns best with your career objectives.

7. How can I tailor my resume and cover letter for the Canadian job market?

When tailoring your resume and cover letter for the Canadian job market, it’s essential to consider the following points:

1. Formatting: Ensure your resume follows a clean, professional format that is easy to read. Use a standard font and bullet points to highlight your experience and skills.

2. Canadian Style: Research Canadian resume and cover letter conventions, which may differ slightly from those in other countries. For example, it’s common in Canada to include a summary or objective statement at the beginning of your resume.

3. Customization: Tailor your resume and cover letter for each job application by highlighting relevant skills and experiences that match the job requirements. Use keywords from the job posting to show a clear alignment between your qualifications and the position.

4. Language Skills: Highlight your language skills, especially if you are bilingual or multilingual. Canadian employers often value candidates who can communicate in both English and French.

5. Education and Certifications: Ensure that your educational background and any relevant certifications are prominently displayed on your resume. In Canada, credentials are important, so make sure to include any relevant degrees or certifications.

6. Include Canadian Experience: If you have any Canadian work experience, make sure to include it on your resume. Canadian employers may prioritize candidates with local experience or knowledge of the Canadian work culture.

7. Proofread and Edit: Before submitting your resume and cover letter, carefully proofread them for any errors or typos. Consider having a Canadian friend or colleague review your documents to ensure they are culturally appropriate and free of any language mistakes.

By following these tips and customizing your resume and cover letter for the Canadian job market, you can improve your chances of securing a permanent job in Canada.

8. What are common job interview questions asked by Canadian employers for permanent positions?

Common job interview questions asked by Canadian employers for permanent positions can vary depending on the industry and specific role, but there are some universal themes that are often addressed. Some common job interview questions in Canada for permanent positions include:

1. Can you tell us about yourself and your professional background?
2. Why are you interested in working for our company?
3. What are your key strengths and weaknesses?
4. How do you handle challenges or conflicts in the workplace?
5. Can you provide an example of a time when you worked successfully in a team?
6. How do you stay updated with industry trends and developments?
7. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
8. How do you prioritize and manage your workload effectively?

Employers typically use these questions to assess a candidate’s qualifications, motivation, problem-solving skills, teamwork ability, and overall fit with the company culture. It’s important for job seekers to prepare thoughtful responses that showcase their experience, skills, and enthusiasm for the position.

9. How can I research companies in Canada to find the best opportunities for a permanent job?

When researching companies in Canada to find the best opportunities for a permanent job, there are several effective strategies you can utilize:

1. Online Resources: Utilize online job portals such as Indeed, Glassdoor, and LinkedIn to search for companies in your industry of interest. These platforms often provide company profiles, job listings, reviews, and insight into the company culture.

2. Company Websites: Visit the official websites of companies you are interested in to learn more about their mission, values, products/services, and job openings. Many companies also have a designated career section on their website where they post job opportunities.

3. Industry Events and Networking: Attend industry events, career fairs, and networking sessions to connect with professionals in your field and learn more about potential employers. Building a strong professional network can often lead to hidden job opportunities within companies.

4. Professional Associations: Join industry-specific professional associations or groups that provide valuable resources and connections within your industry. These associations often provide job listings and networking opportunities with employers.

5. Consult with Recruitment Agencies: Reach out to recruitment agencies that specialize in placing candidates in permanent positions. They can provide valuable insights into the job market, industry trends, and potential employers.

6. Company Reviews and Ratings: Read company reviews and ratings on platforms such as Glassdoor to gain insights from current and former employees about their experiences working for the company. This can help you assess the company culture and work environment.

7. Social Media: Follow companies of interest on social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook to stay updated on their latest news, job openings, and company culture.

By leveraging these research strategies, you can identify and target companies in Canada that align with your career goals and values, increasing your chances of securing a permanent job with a company that is the right fit for you.

10. How can I navigate the Canadian job market and search for permanent job openings?

Navigating the Canadian job market and searching for permanent job openings can be a daunting task, but with the right approach and strategies, you can increase your chances of success. Here are some tips to help you in your job search:

1. Research and Networking: Conduct research on companies and industries that interest you and attend networking events to connect with professionals in your field.

2. Update Your Resume and Cover Letter: Tailor your resume and cover letter to each job application, highlighting relevant skills and experiences.

3. Utilize Online Job Boards: Check popular job boards like Indeed, LinkedIn, and Monster for job postings and set up email alerts for relevant positions.

4. Work with Recruitment Agencies: Consider working with recruitment agencies that specialize in your industry as they can help match you with suitable job opportunities.

5. Attend Career Fairs: Attend career fairs and job expos to meet potential employers face-to-face and learn about job openings.

6. Build a Professional Online Presence: Create a LinkedIn profile showcasing your skills and experiences, and engage with industry professionals through the platform.

7. Consider Further Education or Training: Upgrading your skills through further education or training programs can make you more attractive to employers.

8. Prepare for Interviews: Practice common interview questions, research the company you’re interviewing with, and be ready to showcase your skills and experiences.

9. Be Persistent and Patient: The job search process can be challenging, so stay persistent and patient in your search for a permanent job in Canada.

10. Seek Support: Don’t hesitate to seek support from career counselors, mentors, or industry professionals who can provide guidance and advice on navigating the job market. Remember that finding a permanent job in Canada may take time, but with determination and the right strategies, you can increase your chances of landing a fulfilling career opportunity.

11. What are the best strategies for negotiating salary and benefits for a permanent job in Canada?

Negotiating salary and benefits for a permanent job in Canada requires careful preparation and strategizing to ensure you secure a favorable package. Here are some key strategies to consider:

1. Research: Before entering into negotiations, research the average salary range for your position in your industry and location. This information will give you a solid understanding of what is reasonable to ask for.

2. Know your worth: Understand your own value and the unique skills and experience you bring to the table. Be prepared to articulate how you have contributed to your previous employers and how you can add value to the new company.

3. Consider the benefits package: Besides salary, consider the benefits that are important to you such as health insurance, retirement plans, vacation days, and flexible working arrangements. Prioritize what matters most to you.

4. Be prepared to negotiate: Enter the negotiation with a clear idea of what you want but be open to compromise. Be ready to provide reasons and examples to support your requests.

5. Practice effective communication: Be confident, professional, and respectful throughout the negotiation process. Clearly communicate your expectations and actively listen to the employer’s responses.

6. Timing is key: Choose the right moment to negotiate, such as after receiving a job offer but before accepting it. Avoid discussing salary too early in the hiring process.

7. Consider the bigger picture: Look beyond just the immediate salary figure and think about long-term growth opportunities within the company.

By following these strategies and being well-prepared for negotiations, you can increase your chances of securing a competitive salary and benefits package for your permanent job in Canada.

12. How important is it to have Canadian work experience when applying for permanent jobs in Canada?

Having Canadian work experience is highly important when applying for permanent jobs in Canada. Here’s why:

1. Familiarity with the Canadian job market: Employers often prefer candidates who understand the Canadian work culture, business practices, and expectations. Having experience working in Canada demonstrates that you can navigate the local job market effectively.

2. Networking opportunities: By working in Canada, you have the chance to build a professional network that can be valuable in your job search. Networking is a key aspect of the Canadian job market, and having local work experience can help you connect with potential employers or mentors.

3. Demonstrating relevant skills: Canadian work experience allows you to showcase your skills and expertise in a familiar context. Employers are more likely to consider candidates who have proven their ability to succeed in a Canadian work environment.

4. Language proficiency and communication skills: Working in Canada helps improve your language proficiency, especially if English or French is not your first language. Strong communication skills are essential for most jobs, and having Canadian work experience can demonstrate your ability to communicate effectively in a professional setting.

Overall, while Canadian work experience is not always mandatory, it can significantly enhance your job prospects and increase your chances of securing a permanent job in Canada.

13. What are the key qualities that Canadian employers look for in candidates for permanent positions?

Canadian employers typically look for a combination of technical skills, soft skills, and other qualities in candidates applying for permanent positions. Some key qualities that are highly valued by Canadian employers include:

1. Relevant work experience: Employers generally seek candidates with a proven track record of success in their field, often requiring a certain number of years of experience in a similar role.
2. Education and qualifications: Possessing the necessary educational background, certifications, or degrees relevant to the position being applied for is important for most employers.
3. Adaptability and flexibility: Canadian workplaces value employees who can adapt to changing circumstances, work well in a team, and are willing to take on new challenges.
4. Communication skills: Strong communication skills, both verbal and written, are essential for effectively collaborating with colleagues and clients.
5. Problem-solving abilities: Being able to analyze complex situations, think critically, and propose innovative solutions is highly valued by employers.
6. Leadership qualities: Demonstrating leadership potential, even in non-managerial roles, can set candidates apart and showcase their ability to take initiative and motivate others.
7. Cultural fit: Employers often look for candidates who will fit well within the company culture and work environment, showing respect for diversity and inclusivity.

Overall, showcasing a combination of technical expertise, soft skills, adaptability, and a strong cultural fit with the organization can greatly improve a candidate’s chances of securing a permanent position in Canada.

14. How can I showcase my transferable skills and qualifications for a permanent job in Canada?

To effectively showcase your transferable skills and qualifications for a permanent job in Canada, consider these strategies:

1. Resume Tailoring: Customize your resume to highlight the relevant skills and experiences that align with the job requirements in Canada. Focus on showcasing your transferable skills that are essential for the position you are applying for.

2. Cover Letter: Use the cover letter to provide specific examples of how your transferable skills have been successfully applied in different contexts. Explain how these skills make you a strong candidate for the job.

3. Networking: Build a professional network in Canada by attending industry events, joining online forums, and connecting with professionals in your field. Networking can help you uncover hidden job opportunities and get referrals.

4. Online Presence: Create a strong online presence on professional networking sites like LinkedIn. Showcase your achievements, skills, and qualifications to attract potential employers.

5. Skill Development: Consider upgrading your skills through courses, certifications, or workshops relevant to the Canadian job market. This will demonstrate your commitment to continuous learning and improvement.

6. Volunteer Work: Engage in volunteer opportunities related to your field to gain Canadian work experience and demonstrate your skills in a local context.

7. Language Proficiency: If English or French is not your first language, consider improving your language skills through language courses or certifications. Strong language proficiency is crucial for success in the Canadian job market.

8. Cultural Understanding: Familiarize yourself with Canadian workplace norms, culture, and values to ensure a smooth transition into the work environment. Demonstrating cultural awareness can impress potential employers.

By implementing these strategies, you can effectively showcase your transferable skills and qualifications for a permanent job in Canada, increasing your chances of securing a position in the Canadian job market.

15. How can I stay updated on changes in the Canadian job market and employment laws?

1. To stay updated on changes in the Canadian job market and employment laws, one of the best ways is to regularly check official government websites such as Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) and the Canadian government’s official job bank website. These platforms often provide up-to-date information on job trends, labor market outlooks, and changes in employment regulations.

2. Another effective way to stay informed is to follow reputable news sources and industry-specific publications that regularly cover developments in the Canadian job market. Subscribing to newsletters, setting up Google alerts for relevant keywords, and following industry leaders on social media platforms can also help you stay updated on the latest trends and changes.

3. Additionally, networking with professionals in your field, attending industry conferences, and participating in webinars and workshops can provide valuable insights into the current job market dynamics and ongoing changes in employment laws. Building relationships with recruiters, career coaches, and mentors can also help you stay informed and connected to opportunities in the Canadian job market.

16. What are the best resources and tools for job seekers looking for a permanent job in Canada?

When looking for a permanent job in Canada, there are several resources and tools that can be valuable for job seekers. Some of the best options include:

1. Job Search Websites: Websites like Indeed, Monster, and Glassdoor are popular platforms for job postings in Canada. These sites allow you to search for job openings based on various criteria such as location, industry, and job title.

2. Government Job Banks: The Government of Canada operates the Job Bank website, which is an excellent resource for finding job opportunities across the country. Employers in Canada are required to post their job openings on this platform, making it a comprehensive source of job listings.

3. Professional Networking Platforms: Platforms like LinkedIn can be useful for networking with professionals in your industry and discovering job opportunities through connections. Building a strong online presence and engaging with industry professionals can increase your chances of finding a permanent job in Canada.

4. Job Fairs and Events: Attending job fairs and networking events can provide you with valuable face-to-face interactions with potential employers and industry experts. Many job fairs in Canada are industry-specific, allowing you to target your job search effectively.

5. Recruitment Agencies: Working with recruitment agencies specializing in your industry can help you connect with employers looking to hire professionals for permanent positions. These agencies often have access to exclusive job opportunities and can assist you throughout the application process.

6. Local Employment Service Centers: Most provinces in Canada have employment service centers that offer job search assistance, resume writing workshops, and career counseling services. These centers can provide valuable support and guidance to job seekers looking for permanent employment.

By utilizing these resources and tools strategically, job seekers can enhance their job search efforts and increase their chances of securing a permanent job in Canada.

17. How can I address potential challenges or gaps in my resume when applying for permanent jobs in Canada?

Addressing potential challenges or gaps in your resume when applying for permanent jobs in Canada is crucial to increase your chances of securing a position. Here are some strategies to help you overcome these obstacles:

1. Explain the Gap: Be honest and transparent about any gaps in your employment history. Provide a valid reason for the gap, such as personal reasons, further education, or skill-building activities.

2. Showcase Transferable Skills: Highlight transferable skills from unrelated experiences that are relevant to the job you are applying for. Emphasize how these skills can benefit the prospective employer.

3. Professional Development: Use the gap period to enhance your skills and knowledge through online courses, workshops, volunteering, or certifications. This shows your commitment to self-improvement and professional development.

4. Freelancing or Contract Work: If you pursued freelance projects or contract work during the gap, include these experiences in your resume. Highlight the relevant skills gained and the successful projects completed.

5. Networking: Utilize networking opportunities to connect with professionals in your industry. Attend industry events, conferences, and job fairs to establish relationships that may lead to job opportunities.

6. Seek Feedback: Consider seeking feedback on your resume and interview skills from professionals or career advisors. Constructive criticism can help you improve and make your application more competitive.

By addressing potential challenges or gaps in your resume proactively and effectively, you can demonstrate your readiness and commitment to pursuing permanent jobs in Canada.

18. What are the different pathways to obtaining permanent residency through employment in Canada?

There are several pathways to obtaining permanent residency in Canada through employment. Some key options include:

1. Express Entry System: The Express Entry system manages applications for permanent residency under three federal economic immigration programs – the Federal Skilled Worker Program, the Federal Skilled Trades Program, and the Canadian Experience Class. Candidates with job offers from Canadian employers may receive additional points in the ranking system, increasing their chances of being invited to apply for permanent residency.

2. Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs): Many provinces and territories in Canada have their own PNP streams that allow them to nominate candidates for permanent residency based on their skills and work experience. Several PNPs have streams specifically designed for skilled workers with job offers from eligible employers in the province.

3. Atlantic Immigration Pilot Program (AIPP): This program is designed to attract skilled workers to Canada’s Atlantic provinces – Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. Candidates with job offers from designated employers in the region can apply for permanent residency through the AIPP.

4. Caregiver Programs: Canada has specific pathways for caregivers to obtain permanent residency, such as the Home Child Care Provider Pilot and the Home Support Worker Pilot. These programs require candidates to have job offers in Canada and meet certain eligibility criteria.

5. Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot: This pilot program aims to attract skilled foreign workers to smaller communities in Canada. Candidates with job offers in participating communities can apply for permanent residency through this program.

Each of these pathways has its own eligibility requirements and application processes, so it’s important for individuals seeking permanent residency through employment in Canada to research and choose the option that best suits their qualifications and circumstances.

19. How can I build a professional network in Canada to support my job search for a permanent position?

Building a professional network in Canada is crucial for supporting your job search for a permanent position. Here are several key steps you can take to effectively build your network:

1. Utilize online platforms: Create profiles on professional networking sites such as LinkedIn to connect with professionals in your field and stay updated on industry news and job opportunities.

2. Attend networking events: Look for industry-specific events, job fairs, conferences, and seminars in your area where you can meet professionals and expand your network.

3. Join professional associations: Become a member of industry-specific associations or groups to connect with like-minded professionals and access resources and opportunities for networking.

4. Volunteer: Consider volunteering for organizations or causes related to your field of interest. Not only does this show your commitment and passion, but it also provides a valuable opportunity to meet new people and expand your network.

5. Informational interviews: Reach out to professionals in your desired field for informational interviews to learn more about their careers and seek advice on breaking into the industry. This can also help you expand your network and possibly uncover hidden job opportunities.

By actively engaging in these networking strategies, you can establish meaningful connections in Canada that can support your job search for a permanent position.

20. What are the typical timelines for securing a permanent job in Canada, from application to offer acceptance?

Securing a permanent job in Canada can vary in terms of timelines, as it largely depends on factors such as the industry, job level, location, and individual circumstances. However, on average, the process can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months. Here is a general breakdown of the typical timelines involved:

1. Application Submission: The initial step involves submitting your resume and cover letter for the desired position. This can take a few days to a couple of weeks, depending on the volume of applications the employer receives.

2. Screening and Shortlisting: Employers typically take 1-2 weeks to review applications, conduct screenings, and shortlist candidates for further consideration.

3. Interviews: The interview process can vary in length, with initial phone screenings taking place within 1-2 weeks of the application deadline. Follow-up interviews, including in-person, video, or panel interviews, may take an additional 1-4 weeks.

4. Job Offer: Once selected as the preferred candidate, the formal job offer may be extended within 1-2 weeks after the final interview.

5. Offer Acceptance and Onboarding: After receiving the job offer, candidates generally have a few days to a week to consider and accept the offer. The onboarding process, which includes signing contracts, completing paperwork, and transitioning into the new role, can take an additional 1-2 weeks.

Overall, from the initial application to offer acceptance, securing a permanent job in Canada usually spans from 4 to 12 weeks, but this timeline can vary significantly depending on the specific circumstances of the job search.