1. What is a digital nomad and how does it apply to Indonesia?
A digital nomad is an individual who leverages technology to work remotely while traveling or residing in different locations. In the context of Indonesia, the concept of digital nomadism is gaining popularity due to the country’s diverse landscape, affordable living costs, and improving digital infrastructure. Indonesia offers a rich cultural experience, stunning natural beauty, and a vibrant community for digital nomads to explore while maintaining their work remotely.
1. Indonesia’s numerous co-working spaces and digital nomad-friendly cafes in cities like Bali, Jakarta, and Yogyakarta provide a conducive environment for remote work.
2. The country’s visa policies, such as the recent introduction of the Digital Nomad Visa, enable foreigners to stay and work in Indonesia for an extended period.
3. With a growing number of digital nomad communities and networking events, Indonesia offers opportunities for individuals to connect, collaborate, and share experiences while living a location-independent lifestyle.
Overall, Indonesia is becoming an increasingly attractive destination for digital nomads seeking a balance between work and adventure in a culturally rich and diverse environment.
2. What are the popular cities or regions in Indonesia for digital nomads to live and work from?
1. Bali is one of the most popular cities in Indonesia for digital nomads due to its vibrant coworking spaces, affordable cost of living, and overall digital nomad-friendly environment. Canggu, in particular, is a hotspot for remote workers, offering a laid-back atmosphere, great surf beaches, and a strong community of like-minded individuals. Ubud is another popular destination in Bali known for its yoga retreats, organic cafes, and tranquil jungle setting, making it an ideal place for digital nomads seeking a more peaceful work environment.
2. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, also attracts digital nomads with its modern infrastructure, diverse culinary scene, and numerous coworking spaces. Areas like Kemang and SCBD (Sudirman Central Business District) are popular choices among remote workers looking for a bustling urban environment combined with networking opportunities and convenient amenities.
3. Yogyakarta, often referred to as Jogja, is another city in Indonesia that has been gaining popularity among digital nomads. With its rich cultural heritage, vibrant arts scene, and relatively low cost of living, Yogyakarta offers a unique blend of traditional Indonesian charm and modern amenities for remote workers looking for a more authentic experience.
4. Bandung, known for its creative community, cool climate, and thriving digital startup scene, is also a favored destination for digital nomads in Indonesia. The city’s hip cafes, art galleries, and innovative coworking spaces provide an inspiring work environment for those seeking a balance between work and leisure.
Overall, these cities and regions in Indonesia offer a mix of affordability, infrastructure, community, and lifestyle options that make them attractive destinations for digital nomads looking to live and work remotely in Southeast Asia.
3. What visas are available for digital nomads looking to stay in Indonesia long-term?
Digital nomads looking to stay in Indonesia long-term have a few visa options available to them.
1. Visit Visa: The most common visa for digital nomads is the Visit Visa, which allows for stays of up to 60 days and can be extended once for an additional 30 days. This visa is relatively easy to obtain and is suitable for shorter stays in the country.
2. Multiple Entry Business Visa: For those looking to stay longer in Indonesia, the Multiple Entry Business Visa is a good option. This visa allows for multiple entries into the country over a period of up to one year, with each stay capped at 60 days. It requires sponsorship from an Indonesian company and is suitable for those who plan to engage in business activities during their stay.
3. Temporary Residence Permit (KITAS): The Temporary Residence Permit, or KITAS, is a long-term visa option that allows for stays of up to five years. This visa is more complex to obtain as it requires sponsorship from an Indonesian company or organization. It is ideal for digital nomads who wish to establish a more permanent presence in the country.
Overall, digital nomads looking to stay in Indonesia long-term have options ranging from short-term Visit Visas to longer-term KITAS permits, depending on their needs and plans for their stay in the country. It is essential to carefully consider the requirements and limitations of each visa type before making a decision.
4. What are some of the best co-working spaces in Indonesia for digital nomads?
Some of the best co-working spaces in Indonesia for digital nomads include:
1. Hubud in Ubud, Bali: Known as one of the pioneering co-working spaces in Bali, Hubud offers a vibrant community of digital nomads, entrepreneurs, and creative individuals. The space is surrounded by nature, providing a peaceful and inspiring environment to work in.
2. Dojo Bali in Canggu, Bali: Located in the popular surfing town of Canggu, Dojo Bali is a favorite among digital nomads for its modern facilities, fast Wi-Fi, and community events. The space also features a pool and a café, perfect for networking and collaboration.
3. Freeware Spaces in Jakarta: Freeware Spaces is a chain of co-working spaces in Jakarta, known for its stylish design and creative atmosphere. With multiple locations across the city, digital nomads can choose a space that best suits their needs.
4. The Wave in Seminyak, Bali: The Wave is a premium co-working space in Seminyak, Bali, offering a professional and luxurious environment for digital nomads. The space features private offices, meeting rooms, and a rooftop terrace with stunning views of the ocean.
These co-working spaces in Indonesia provide a conducive environment for digital nomads to work, collaborate, and network with like-minded individuals while exploring the beauty of the country.
5. Are there any specific communities or networking opportunities for digital nomads in Indonesia?
Yes, there are several communities and networking opportunities for digital nomads in Indonesia:
1. Coworking Spaces: Indonesia has a growing number of coworking spaces that cater specifically to digital nomads. These spaces provide a conducive environment for working, networking, and collaborating with like-minded individuals. Examples of popular coworking spaces in Indonesia include Dojo Bali, Hubud in Ubud, and Rework in Jakarta.
2. Online Communities: There are also online communities and forums where digital nomads in Indonesia can connect and share information. Platforms like Digital Nomads Indonesia, Facebook groups, and Meetup.com are great places to find networking opportunities and events specifically targeted towards digital nomads.
3. Networking Events: Various networking events, workshops, and meetups are organized regularly in major cities like Jakarta, Bali, and Yogyakarta. These events provide digital nomads with the chance to meet fellow nomads, exchange ideas, and build professional relationships.
Overall, Indonesia offers a vibrant and supportive community for digital nomads, making it an attractive destination for remote workers looking to connect with like-minded individuals and grow their professional network.
6. How easy is it to find accommodation as a digital nomad in Indonesia?
Finding accommodation as a digital nomad in Indonesia is relatively easy due to the country’s diverse range of options catering to different budgets and preferences. Here are several factors to consider:
1. Online Platforms: Utilizing popular accommodation websites such as Airbnb, Booking.com, and Agoda allows digital nomads to browse a wide selection of options ranging from short-term rentals to long-term stays in various parts of Indonesia.
2. Co-living Spaces: Indonesia has seen a rise in co-living spaces designed specifically for digital nomads and remote workers. These spaces offer not only accommodation but also provide a built-in community of like-minded individuals, amenities, and often coworking facilities.
3. Traditional Housing: Renting apartments, villas, or houses through local channels or real estate agents is also a viable option, particularly for those seeking a more long-term and homey environment.
Overall, with the abundance of choices available, digital nomads can easily find suitable and comfortable accommodation in Indonesia to fit their needs while exploring the country’s diverse landscapes, cultures, and experiences.
7. What are the key factors digital nomads should consider when choosing a location in Indonesia?
When choosing a location in Indonesia as a digital nomad, several key factors should be considered to ensure a smooth and productive experience:
1. Internet Connectivity: One of the most crucial factors for digital nomads is reliable and fast internet connection. Ensure that the location you choose provides access to high-speed and stable internet to support your work requirements.
2. Cost of Living: Indonesia offers a variety of destinations with different costs of living. Consider your budget and lifestyle preferences when selecting a location. Places like Bali may be more expensive compared to other cities or islands in Indonesia.
3. Visa Regulations: Check the visa requirements for the specific location you are considering. Indonesia offers different visa options for digital nomads, such as the Social Visa or the Limited Stay Permit (KITAS), each with its own conditions and limitations.
4. Infrastructure and Amenities: Look for a location that offers co-working spaces, cafes with good Wi-Fi, and other amenities that cater to the digital nomad lifestyle. Access to healthcare facilities, supermarkets, and recreational activities can also enhance your overall experience.
5. Safety and Security: Prioritize your safety by researching the crime rates and general security situation in the area. Choose a location where you feel comfortable and secure, especially if you plan to stay for an extended period.
6. Climate and Environment: Consider the climate and natural surroundings of the location, as this can impact your mood, health, and productivity. Indonesia has diverse landscapes, from tropical beaches to cooler mountainous regions, so choose a setting that aligns with your preferences.
7. Community and Networking Opportunities: Seek out locations with a vibrant expat and digital nomad community to connect with like-minded individuals. Networking can provide valuable social interactions, collaboration opportunities, and support during your stay in Indonesia.
By carefully evaluating these key factors, digital nomads can select a location in Indonesia that meets their professional needs, lifestyle preferences, and overall well-being.
8. What are the internet speeds like in Indonesia for remote work?
Internet speeds in Indonesia can vary greatly depending on the region and infrastructure available. In major cities like Jakarta, Bali, and Surabaya, internet speeds are generally good, with many areas offering high-speed connections suitable for remote work. Fiber-optic connections are increasingly available in urban centers, providing stable and fast internet access.
1. Speeds in major cities can range from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps, with some locations even offering speeds up to 1 Gbps.
2. In more rural or remote areas, internet speeds may be slower and less reliable, with speeds ranging from 1 Mbps to 10 Mbps.
3. Mobile data connections are also widely used in Indonesia, with 4G coverage available in most urban areas and along major highways. 5G is also starting to be rolled out in certain cities, further improving internet speeds for digital nomads.
Overall, while internet speeds in Indonesia may not be as consistently fast as in some developed countries, the infrastructure is continuously improving, making it a viable option for remote work for many digital nomads. It’s recommended for digital nomads to research the specific internet options available at their desired location in Indonesia to ensure it meets their needs for remote work.
9. How much can digital nomads expect to spend on living expenses in Indonesia?
Digital nomads in Indonesia can expect to spend on average between $700 to $1,500 per month on living expenses, depending on their lifestyle choices and location within the country. Here is a breakdown of some of the common expenses digital nomads might incur:
1. Accommodation: Rent for a one-bedroom apartment in a major city like Jakarta or Bali can range from $300 to $700 per month, depending on the area and amenities.
2. Food: Eating out at local warungs (small eateries) can cost as little as $1 to $3 per meal, while dining at mid-range restaurants may set you back $5 to $10 per meal.
3. Transportation: Transportation costs are relatively low in Indonesia, with options like Go-Jek and Grab offering affordable ridesharing services. A monthly budget of $50 to $100 should be sufficient for getting around.
4. Communication: Prepaid mobile phone plans are inexpensive, with data packages starting at around $5 per month.
5. Co-working spaces: For digital nomads who prefer working from co-working spaces, monthly memberships typically range from $50 to $150 depending on the facilities and location.
Overall, Indonesia offers a cost-effective living environment for digital nomads, allowing them to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without breaking the bank.
10. Are there any specific cultural customs or etiquette that digital nomads should be aware of in Indonesia?
Yes, there are several cultural customs and etiquette that digital nomads should be aware of when working in Indonesia:
1. Respect for Elders: In Indonesian culture, respect for elders is highly valued. Digital nomads should always greet older individuals first and use respectful language when interacting with them.
2. Modesty in Dress: Indonesia is predominantly a Muslim-majority country, and it is important for digital nomads to dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites or more conservative areas.
3. Greetings: The traditional greeting in Indonesia is a slight bow with hands pressed together in a prayer-like position called “salam. Digital nomads should practice this greeting when meeting locals.
4. Use of Hands: It is considered impolite to use the left hand for gestures, passing items, or eating in Indonesia. Digital nomads should always use their right hand for these actions.
5. Footwear: It is customary to remove footwear before entering someone’s home or certain public places like mosques or temples. Digital nomads should pay attention to footwear etiquette when visiting these places.
6. Gift Giving: Bringing a small gift when invited to someone’s home is a common practice in Indonesia. Digital nomads should consider this gesture when visiting local hosts.
7. Punctuality: While Indonesians tend to have a more relaxed attitude towards time, digital nomads should still strive to be punctual for meetings or appointments as a sign of respect.
8. Non-verbal Communication: Avoid pointing with the index finger, especially at people, as it is considered rude in Indonesian culture. Instead, use the thumb of the right hand with four fingers folded under.
By being mindful of these cultural customs and etiquette, digital nomads can build positive relationships with locals and navigate Indonesian society with respect and understanding.
11. What are some popular recreational activities or attractions for digital nomads in Indonesia?
1. Surfing in Bali: Bali is famous for its world-class surfing spots such as Uluwatu, Canggu, and Padang Padang. Many digital nomads flock to Bali to enjoy the waves and laid-back surf culture.
2. Diving in Komodo National Park: Indonesia is home to some of the best diving spots in the world, and Komodo National Park is a must-visit for underwater enthusiasts. Digital nomads can explore colorful coral reefs, encounter manta rays and sharks, and dive alongside the majestic Komodo dragons.
3. Yoga retreats in Ubud: Ubud, located in Bali, is a hub for yoga and wellness retreats. Digital nomads can rejuvenate their mind and body with daily yoga classes, meditation sessions, and healthy organic food while surrounded by lush rice paddies and tranquil nature.
4. Hiking in Mount Bromo: Adventurous digital nomads can embark on a sunrise hike to Mount Bromo in East Java. The breathtaking views of the volcanic landscape and the iconic sunrise over the crater make it a popular destination for nature lovers.
5. Waterfall chasing in Lombok: Lombok is dotted with stunning waterfalls, such as Tiu Kelep and Sendang Gile. Digital nomads can escape the hustle and bustle of city life and immerse themselves in the natural beauty of these cascading falls.
6. Volunteering with wildlife in Borneo: For digital nomads passionate about conservation, volunteering opportunities in Indonesian Borneo offer a chance to work with endangered species such as orangutans and sun bears. It’s a unique way to give back to the environment while experiencing the rich biodiversity of the region.
Overall, Indonesia provides a diverse range of recreational activities and attractions for digital nomads, catering to those seeking adventure, relaxation, cultural experiences, and opportunities to connect with nature.
12. Is it safe for digital nomads to work and live in Indonesia?
Yes, it is generally safe for digital nomads to work and live in Indonesia, with certain considerations to keep in mind:
1. Safety in major cities like Jakarta, Bali, and Yogyakarta is comparable to other urban areas around the world. While these cities are generally safe, digital nomads should exercise caution, especially in crowded areas and at night.
2. Health and medical care in Indonesia can vary in quality. It is advisable for digital nomads to have health insurance that covers medical emergencies and routine care.
3. Internet connectivity is generally reliable in major cities and tourist areas, however, it can be less so in more remote locations. Digital nomads may want to invest in a portable wifi device or choose accommodations with high-speed internet.
4. Cultural differences should also be considered when living and working in Indonesia. Learning about local customs and traditions can help digital nomads navigate social interactions and build positive relationships.
5. Overall, Indonesia can offer a vibrant and inspiring environment for digital nomads, with beautiful landscapes, a warm climate, and a unique cultural experience. By taking necessary precautions and being mindful of their surroundings, digital nomads can enjoy a safe and fulfilling experience while working and living in Indonesia.
13. What are the healthcare options for digital nomads in Indonesia?
1. Indonesia offers a range of healthcare options for digital nomads, including public hospitals, private clinics, and international hospitals in major cities like Jakarta, Bali, and Surabaya.
2. Public hospitals provide basic healthcare services at a lower cost, but the quality of care may vary and language barriers could be a challenge for non-Indonesian speakers.
3. Private clinics are another option, offering more personalized care and sometimes faster service, although they can be more expensive than public hospitals.
4. International hospitals cater to expatriates and offer high-quality medical care with English-speaking staff. However, they tend to be more costly compared to other healthcare providers in Indonesia.
5. It’s advisable for digital nomads to have health insurance that covers medical treatment in Indonesia, as healthcare expenses can add up quickly in case of emergencies or unexpected health issues.
6. Many insurance providers offer international health insurance plans specifically designed for digital nomads and expats living in Indonesia.
7. Additionally, telemedicine services are becoming increasingly popular among digital nomads, allowing them to consult with healthcare professionals remotely for minor health issues or medical advice.
8. Pharmacies are widely available in Indonesia, where over-the-counter medications and prescription drugs can be purchased. It is essential for digital nomads to have a basic understanding of the local healthcare system and how to navigate it in case of medical needs.
9. Overall, while healthcare options for digital nomads in Indonesia may vary in terms of quality and cost, it is important to be prepared with proper health insurance coverage and knowledge of where to access medical assistance when needed.
14. How is the overall digital infrastructure in Indonesia for remote work?
The overall digital infrastructure in Indonesia for remote work has seen significant improvements in recent years. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Internet Connectivity: Indonesia has made strides in expanding internet access across the archipelago. While major cities like Jakarta and Bali have relatively fast and stable internet connections, rural areas may still face challenges with connectivity.
2. Co-Working Spaces: The presence of co-working spaces in major cities has grown, providing digital nomads with a conducive work environment. These spaces often offer high-speed internet, meeting rooms, and networking opportunities.
3. Mobile Connectivity: Indonesia has a high rate of mobile phone penetration, making it convenient for digital nomads to stay connected on the go. Mobile internet services are generally affordable and accessible.
4. Digital Payment Systems: The rise of digital payment systems like GoPay and OVO has made financial transactions easier for remote workers. This streamlined process reduces the reliance on cash payments and facilitates online transactions.
5. Government Initiatives: The Indonesian government has been implementing initiatives to enhance the country’s digital infrastructure. Projects like the Palapa Ring, a nationwide broadband network, aim to improve internet connectivity across the country.
Overall, while challenges like internet speed and connectivity in rural areas persist, Indonesia’s digital infrastructure for remote work is steadily improving, offering digital nomads ample opportunities to work efficiently in the country.
15. Are there any specific taxes or legal considerations that digital nomads need to be aware of in Indonesia?
Yes, there are specific taxes and legal considerations that digital nomads need to be aware of when living and working in Indonesia. Here are several key points to consider:
1. Visa regulations: Digital nomads typically enter Indonesia on a tourist visa, which allows them to stay in the country for a limited period. It’s important to adhere to visa requirements and not engage in activities that are not permitted under a tourist visa, such as working for an Indonesian company.
2. Tax obligations: Digital nomads earning income while staying in Indonesia may be subject to Indonesian tax laws. It’s essential to understand the tax implications of working remotely from Indonesia, including any tax treaties that may apply to avoid double taxation.
3. Social security contributions: Digital nomads in Indonesia may not be eligible for social security benefits unless they are formally employed by an Indonesian company. It’s crucial to consider how this may impact your long-term financial planning and retirement savings.
4. Business registration: If digital nomads plan to operate a business or offer services in Indonesia, they may need to register their business with the appropriate authorities. This process can vary depending on the nature of the business and should be researched thoroughly to ensure compliance with local regulations.
Overall, digital nomads in Indonesia should seek professional advice from tax consultants or legal experts to ensure they are fully compliant with Indonesian laws and regulations. Maintaining a clear understanding of the tax and legal considerations will help digital nomads avoid any potential issues during their stay in the country.
16. What are the best transportation options for digital nomads traveling within Indonesia?
1. One of the best transportation options for digital nomads traveling within Indonesia is by using ride-hailing services such as Gojek or Grab. These apps are widely available in major cities across the country and offer convenient, affordable, and safe transportation options.
2. Another popular choice for digital nomads in Indonesia is renting a motorbike or scooter. This mode of transportation gives you the flexibility to explore different areas at your own pace and is particularly useful for navigating through the traffic in crowded cities.
3. For longer distances between islands, domestic flights are a quick and convenient option. Indonesia has a well-developed network of airlines that operate domestic routes, making it easy to travel between major cities and popular destinations.
4. If you prefer a more leisurely and scenic journey, traveling by train can be a great option. Indonesia has a train network that connects major cities on Java and Sumatra islands, offering a comfortable and affordable way to travel longer distances.
5. Lastly, for those looking to experience the local culture and immerse themselves in the Indonesian way of life, public buses and minibusses, known as “angkot” or “bemo”, are a budget-friendly option for getting around within cities and towns.
In conclusion, digital nomads in Indonesia have a variety of transportation options to choose from, depending on their preferences and travel needs. Whether it’s the convenience of ride-hailing services, the freedom of motorbike rentals, the speed of domestic flights, the comfort of train travel, or the authenticity of public buses, there is a suitable mode of transportation for every type of traveler in the diverse and vibrant country of Indonesia.
17. Are there opportunities for digital nomads to engage in social impact or volunteer work in Indonesia?
Yes, there are numerous opportunities for digital nomads to engage in social impact or volunteer work in Indonesia. Some options include:
1. Volunteering with local organizations: There are several non-profit organizations and community groups in Indonesia that welcome volunteers, including those with digital skills. Digital nomads can offer their expertise in areas such as digital marketing, social media management, graphic design, and more to help these organizations further their social impact objectives.
2. Skill-sharing programs: Many Indonesian communities are eager to learn new skills, including digital skills. Digital nomads can volunteer their time to conduct workshops or training sessions to empower local communities with valuable knowledge that can help them improve their livelihoods.
3. Remote mentoring and consulting: Digital nomads can also offer their expertise to Indonesian entrepreneurs and start-ups remotely. By providing mentoring or consulting services via online platforms, digital nomads can make a meaningful impact by helping local businesses grow and succeed.
Overall, digital nomads in Indonesia have a range of opportunities to leverage their skills and knowledge for social good, contributing to the development and empowerment of local communities in meaningful ways.
18. How can digital nomads connect with local communities and support small businesses in Indonesia?
Digital nomads can connect with local communities and support small businesses in Indonesia through various ways:
1. Participating in community events and activities: By actively involving themselves in local events and activities, digital nomads can establish relationships with locals and learn more about the culture and traditions of Indonesia.
2. Supporting local businesses: Digital nomads can choose to patronize small businesses such as cafes, local shops, and markets to help boost the local economy and create a positive impact on the community.
3. Collaborating with local entrepreneurs: Digital nomads can collaborate with local entrepreneurs by offering their skills and expertise or by engaging in projects that benefit both parties. This can help in creating a mutually beneficial relationship and contributing to the growth of small businesses in Indonesia.
4. Volunteering or contributing to community projects: Getting involved in community projects or volunteering opportunities within the local area can provide digital nomads with a chance to give back to the community and support initiatives that focus on social and environmental causes.
By actively participating in these initiatives, digital nomads can create a deeper connection with the local community in Indonesia and contribute positively to the growth and development of small businesses within the region.
19. What are the best ways for digital nomads to stay updated on local events and activities in Indonesia?
Digital nomads in Indonesia can stay updated on local events and activities through various means:
1. Online platforms: Utilize websites, social media channels, and apps that specifically cater to events and activities in Indonesia. Platforms like Eventbrite, Meetup, and local event listing websites can provide comprehensive listings of upcoming events.
2. Social media groups: Join local Facebook groups, expat communities, and digital nomad forums that share information about events and activities happening in different cities across Indonesia.
3. Networking: Build a strong network with locals, expats, and fellow digital nomads to stay informed about exciting events, workshops, and cultural activities taking place in the area.
4. Local media: Keep an eye on local newspapers, magazines, and online news portals for information on upcoming events, festivals, exhibitions, and cultural happenings.
5. Tourism offices: Visit the local tourism offices or tourist information centers to inquire about current and upcoming events and activities in the region.
By leveraging a combination of these strategies, digital nomads can effectively stay updated and make the most of their time in Indonesia by experiencing the diverse array of events and activities the country has to offer.
20. What are some insider tips for digital nomads looking to have a successful and enriching experience in Indonesia?
To have a successful and enriching experience as a digital nomad in Indonesia, consider the following insider tips:
1. Choose the right location: Indonesia is a vast archipelago with diverse regions offering different experiences. Consider popular digital nomad hubs like Bali or Yogyakarta for a vibrant community and good amenities, or explore lesser-known places like Labuan Bajo or Ubud for a more relaxed environment.
2. Get a reliable internet connection: Internet speeds can vary across Indonesia, so make sure to choose accommodations with reliable Wi-Fi or invest in a portable Wi-Fi device to stay connected while working remotely.
3. Immerse yourself in the local culture: Take the time to learn about Indonesian customs, traditions, and language. Engaging with locals and participating in cultural activities can enhance your experience and foster deeper connections.
4. Stay healthy and safe: Indonesia’s tropical climate and diverse cuisines can sometimes pose health risks. Be mindful of food hygiene, stay hydrated, and consider travel insurance to ensure you’re covered in case of emergencies.
5. Explore beyond work: While remote work may be your primary focus, don’t forget to explore Indonesia’s natural beauty, historical sites, and unique attractions. Take advantage of weekends and downtime to go on adventures and truly immerse yourself in the country’s rich heritage.
By following these insider tips, digital nomads can make the most of their time in Indonesia and create a truly rewarding and memorable experience.