1. What are the most popular forms of public transportation in Nigeria?
The most popular forms of public transportation in Nigeria include:
1. Lagos Danfo: The yellow commercial buses in Lagos, known as Danfos, are a common and iconic mode of transportation in the city. Despite their notorious reputation for reckless driving and overcrowding, they remain a popular choice for many commuters due to their extensive network and affordability.
2. Okada: Motorcycle taxis, commonly referred to as Okadas, are widely used for short-distance travel in urban areas across Nigeria. While they offer a quick and convenient mode of transportation, they are also associated with safety concerns and accidents due to their often reckless driving.
3. BRT (Bus Rapid Transit): BRT systems have been implemented in cities like Lagos and Abuja to provide a more efficient and organized public transportation option. These buses operate on dedicated lanes, helping to reduce congestion and improve the overall commuting experience for passengers.
4. Keke Napep: Auto rickshaws, known as Keke Napep or Keke Marwa, are a popular choice for short trips in cities and towns across Nigeria. These three-wheeled vehicles are affordable and offer a more comfortable alternative to the often overcrowded buses and taxis.
Overall, while there are various forms of public transportation in Nigeria, these modes stand out as the most popular choices among commuters for their affordability, convenience, and widespread availability.
2. How extensive is the public transit system in major Nigerian cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Kano?
The public transit system in major Nigerian cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Kano varies in terms of extent and coverage. Here is an overview:
1. Lagos: Lagos has the most extensive public transit system among the three cities, with a network that includes buses, minibusses (popularly known as “danfo” and “molue”), BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) systems, and water transportation. The BRT system operates on dedicated lanes, providing faster commutes for passengers. However, the overall public transit infrastructure in Lagos faces challenges such as congestion, erratic schedules, and safety concerns.
2. Abuja: Abuja, as the capital city, has a less complex public transit system compared to Lagos. The primary mode of public transportation in Abuja is through taxis, ride-hailing services, and minibusses. The city also has some BRT routes, but the coverage is not as extensive as in Lagos. The lack of a well-connected public transit system in Abuja often leads to heavy reliance on private vehicles for commuting.
3. Kano: Kano, like many other Nigerian cities, relies heavily on informal modes of transportation such as motorcycles (popularly known as “okadas”) and tricycles (known as “keke napep”). While there are also government-operated buses in Kano, the public transit system is not as well-developed or organized as in Lagos or Abuja. The limited options for public transportation in Kano contribute to traffic congestion and difficulty in moving around the city efficiently.
Overall, the public transit system in major Nigerian cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Kano faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of proper regulation, and safety concerns. Efforts are being made to improve public transportation services in these cities, but there is still a long way to go in achieving a comprehensive and efficient transit system that meets the needs of the growing urban population.
3. Are there differences in public transportation options between rural and urban areas in Nigeria?
Yes, there are significant differences in public transportation options between rural and urban areas in Nigeria. Here are some key points to consider:
1. Infrastructure: Urban areas in Nigeria typically have better-developed transportation infrastructure compared to rural areas. This includes paved roads, dedicated bus lanes, and more advanced transportation systems such as light rail or BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) systems.
2. Availability: Public transportation services are more readily available and frequent in urban areas due to higher population density and demand. Buses, taxis, and ride-sharing services are more accessible in cities, while rural areas may rely more on informal transportation methods like motorcycle taxis or minibuses.
3. Modes of Transport: In rural areas, traditional modes of transport such as bicycles, motorcycles (popularly known as okadas), and tricycles (keke napeps) are commonly used for public transportation due to limited road infrastructure. In urban areas, larger buses, private taxis, and ride-sharing services like Uber and Bolt are more prevalent.
4. Affordability: Public transportation options in rural areas are generally more affordable compared to urban areas where fares are often higher due to greater distances covered and higher operational costs.
5. Government Intervention: The government often focuses more on improving transportation infrastructure and services in urban areas to alleviate congestion and promote economic growth. Rural areas may lag behind in terms of government investment in public transportation.
In conclusion, the differences in public transportation options between rural and urban areas in Nigeria are influenced by factors such as infrastructure, availability, modes of transport, affordability, and government intervention. These disparities have implications for accessibility, convenience, and socio-economic development in different regions of the country.
4. What are the challenges facing public transportation infrastructure in Nigeria?
There are several challenges facing public transportation infrastructure in Nigeria, including:
1. Inadequate funding: Public transportation systems in Nigeria often suffer from a lack of funding, leading to insufficient maintenance of infrastructure and services, which in turn affects the efficiency and reliability of the systems.
2. Poor road conditions: Many roads in Nigeria are in poor condition, with potholes and inadequate maintenance, making it difficult for public transport vehicles to operate smoothly and causing delays and discomfort for passengers.
3. Traffic congestion: Major cities in Nigeria, such as Lagos and Abuja, suffer from severe traffic congestion due to a high volume of vehicles on the road, limited road capacity, and lack of efficient traffic management systems. This congestion not only leads to delays for public transportation but also increases operational costs for transport operators.
4. Lack of adequate public transportation infrastructure: Nigeria lacks modern and efficient public transportation infrastructure, such as dedicated bus lanes, bus terminals, and rail networks. This lack of infrastructure hinders the development of sustainable public transportation systems and limits the options available to commuters.
Addressing these challenges will require significant investment in public transportation infrastructure, improved regulatory frameworks, and better coordination between government agencies and private stakeholders. Efforts to enhance public transportation in Nigeria should focus on developing integrated and sustainable transport systems that prioritize the needs of commuters and promote economic growth and social development.
5. How affordable is public transportation for the average Nigerian commuter?
Public transportation in Nigeria varies in affordability based on the location and mode of transport. In major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt, various public transportation options such as buses, taxis, and motorcycle taxis (okadas) are available. These modes of transport can range from relatively affordable to more expensive, depending on the distance traveled and the provider.
1. Commercial buses, known as danfos in Lagos, are a popular and relatively affordable option for many commuters. However, the prices can fluctuate based on demand and fuel costs.
2. Motorcycle taxis are often considered a cheaper alternative for shorter distances, but safety concerns and lack of regulation can deter some commuters.
3. The introduction of ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt has provided more options for those willing to pay a bit more for comfort and convenience.
Overall, public transportation in Nigeria can be affordable for the average commuter, especially compared to private car ownership. However, challenges such as traffic congestion, poor infrastructure, and lack of regulation can impact the reliability and cost-effectiveness of these services.
6. What role does the government play in regulating and improving public transportation in Nigeria?
The government in Nigeria plays a crucial role in regulating and improving public transportation in the country through various means:
1. Policy Making: The government formulates policies and regulations that guide the operation of public transportation services. These policies help in ensuring safety, efficiency, and accessibility of public transport services for the general population.
2. Infrastructure Development: The government is responsible for the development and maintenance of transport infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and terminals. Investing in infrastructure projects helps to improve the quality of public transportation services and reduce travel times for commuters.
3. Subsidies and Funding: The government often provides subsidies and funding to public transportation operators to ensure the affordability of services for the general public. This support helps in expanding public transport networks and increasing service frequency.
4. Regulatory Oversight: Government agencies oversee the operations of public transportation providers to ensure compliance with safety standards, fare regulations, and service quality requirements. This regulatory oversight helps in maintaining high service standards and protecting the interests of commuters.
5. Planning and Coordination: The government is involved in urban planning and transportation coordination efforts to enhance the efficiency of public transport systems. By integrating different modes of transportation and establishing transport hubs, the government aims to provide seamless and convenient travel options for the public.
6. Partnership and Collaboration: The government collaborates with private sector stakeholders, transport unions, and community organizations to improve public transportation services. This partnership approach fosters innovation, investment, and knowledge-sharing in the public transport sector.
Overall, the government’s role in regulating and improving public transportation in Nigeria is essential for ensuring safe, reliable, and affordable travel options for the general public.
7. Are there initiatives to promote sustainable and eco-friendly transport options in Nigeria?
Yes, there are initiatives in Nigeria aimed at promoting sustainable and eco-friendly transport options. Some of these initiatives include:
1. Introduction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt to provide efficient public transportation and reduce reliance on individual vehicles.
2. Implementation of bike-sharing programs in certain cities to encourage cycling as a mode of transportation, which helps reduce carbon emissions and promote a healthier lifestyle.
3. Promotion of electric vehicles through policies and incentives to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation and mitigate air pollution.
4. Adoption of clean energy technologies such as solar-powered buses and tricycles (Keke Napep) to shift towards more sustainable transportation alternatives.
5. Development of pedestrian-friendly infrastructure and walkways to encourage walking as a mode of transport, thereby reducing traffic congestion and emissions.
These initiatives demonstrate Nigeria’s commitment to promoting sustainable and eco-friendly transport options to address environmental challenges and improve the overall quality of urban transportation.
8. What are the main modes of public transportation used for daily commutes in Nigerian cities?
The main modes of public transportation used for daily commutes in Nigerian cities are:
1. Buses: Buses are one of the most popular modes of public transportation in Nigeria, especially in major cities like Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt. These buses are privately owned and operated, providing a relatively affordable and convenient option for daily commuters.
2. Taxis: Taxis are another common mode of public transportation in Nigerian cities, offering a more personalized and flexible alternative to buses. Commuters can hail taxis on the streets or use ride-hailing apps to book rides.
3. Keke Napep (Auto Rickshaws): Keke Napep, also known as tricycles or auto rickshaws, are widely used for short-distance journeys in Nigerian cities. These three-wheeled vehicles provide a cost-effective and efficient means of transportation, particularly in congested urban areas.
4. Okada (Motorcycles): Okadas, or motorcycles, are a popular mode of transportation for short trips and navigating through traffic-congested areas in Nigerian cities. While they offer a fast and convenient way to travel, safety concerns have led to regulations and restrictions on their usage in some cities.
Overall, these modes of public transportation play a crucial role in meeting the commuting needs of residents in Nigerian cities, providing a diverse range of options to suit different preferences and travel requirements.
9. How safe is public transportation in Nigeria, especially for women and vulnerable populations?
Public transportation in Nigeria can vary in terms of safety, especially for women and vulnerable populations. Here are some factors to consider:
1. Gender-based violence: Women may face harassment, verbal abuse, or even physical assault while using public transportation in Nigeria. This can create a sense of insecurity and fear among female passengers.
2. Lack of security measures: Many public transport systems in Nigeria lack adequate security measures, such as CCTV cameras, security personnel, and emergency buttons. This can make it easier for criminals to target vulnerable individuals.
3. Overcrowding: Public buses and taxis in Nigeria are often overcrowded, especially during peak hours, which can make passengers more susceptible to theft and harassment.
4. Poor infrastructure: The state of public transport infrastructure in Nigeria, such as poorly maintained vehicles and bus stops, can also contribute to safety concerns for passengers, particularly vulnerable populations.
Overall, while efforts are being made to improve safety in public transportation in Nigeria, there is still much room for improvement to ensure the security and well-being of all passengers, especially women and vulnerable populations.
10. Are there plans for expanding and modernizing public transportation networks in Nigeria?
Yes, there are indeed plans for expanding and modernizing public transportation networks in Nigeria. Here are some key points to consider:
1. The Nigerian government has recognized the importance of improving public transportation to address issues such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and inefficient mobility.
2. Initiatives such as the National Mass Transit Programme and the Lagos Bus Reform Initiative have been introduced to enhance public transportation services across the country.
3. The construction of new rail lines, expansion of bus rapid transit systems, and the introduction of modern technologies like contactless payment and real-time tracking are part of the modernization efforts.
4. Public-private partnerships are being encouraged to attract investments and expertise in developing efficient and sustainable transportation solutions.
5. Despite challenges such as funding constraints and bureaucratic delays, the momentum for improving public transportation in Nigeria is growing, reflecting the government’s commitment to enhancing mobility for its citizens.
11. How do informal transport systems like danfo and okada contribute to the overall public transportation landscape in Nigeria?
Informal transport systems like danfo (mini-buses) and okada (motorcycle taxis) play a significant role in the overall public transportation landscape in Nigeria due to the following reasons:
1. Flexibility: Danfo buses and okadas are often able to navigate through traffic-congested areas and reach locations where formal transport systems may not be easily accessible, providing increased mobility for commuters.
2. Affordability: These informal transport options are typically more affordable for many commuters compared to formal transport systems, making them a preferred choice for individuals with lower incomes.
3. Last-mile connectivity: Danfos and okadas are crucial in providing last-mile connectivity, bridging the gap between major public transportation hubs and final destinations, especially in urban areas where formal transport routes may not cover all areas.
4. Job creation: The operations of danfo buses and okadas provide employment opportunities for a significant number of individuals in the transport sector, contributing to the economy and livelihoods of many Nigerians.
5. Rapid response to demand: Informal transport systems are often able to quickly adapt to changing demand patterns and serve areas where there is a sudden surge in transportation needs, filling the gaps left by formal transport services.
Overall, danfo buses and okadas play a complementary role to formal public transportation systems in Nigeria, offering a vital service that addresses the diverse needs of commuters across different parts of the country.
12. What are the busiest bus terminals and transit hubs in Nigeria?
Some of the busiest bus terminals and transit hubs in Nigeria include:
1. Oshodi Transport Interchange in Lagos: This modern transport hub provides seamless connectivity between different modes of transportation, including buses, taxis, and the Lagos BRT system. It serves as a major transit point for commuters within Lagos and those traveling to other parts of the country.
2. Iddo Terminal in Lagos: Located near the Lagos Island, Iddo Terminal is a central point for buses traveling to various destinations within and outside Lagos. It experiences heavy traffic as it serves as a gateway to many parts of the city.
3. Jibowu Terminal in Lagos: Another important bus terminal in Lagos, Jibowu Terminal sees a high volume of commuters daily traveling to different parts of the city and neighboring states.
4. Utako Motor Park in Abuja: As the main transport hub in the capital city, Utako Motor Park is always bustling with activity, serving as a major departure point for travelers heading to different states across Nigeria.
5. Peace Mass Transit Park in Enugu: Peace Mass Transit is one of the largest transport companies in Nigeria, and its park in Enugu serves as a significant transit hub for travelers moving within the southeastern region and beyond.
These hubs play a crucial role in facilitating the movement of people and goods across Nigeria, contributing to the country’s vibrant transportation network.
13. How do transport fares compare between different modes of public transportation in Nigeria?
Transport fares in Nigeria can vary significantly between different modes of public transportation. Generally, the most common modes of public transportation in Nigeria are buses, taxis, motorcycles (popularly known as okadas), tricycles (also known as keke napeps), and ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt. Here is a comparison of transport fares between these different modes:
1. Buses: Bus fares in Nigeria are relatively affordable and are often fixed for specific routes. In major cities like Lagos and Abuja, the fares can range from around 50 Naira to 300 Naira depending on the distance traveled.
2. Taxis: Taxis are a more expensive option compared to buses and are usually available for both short and long distances. The fares for taxis are negotiable and can range from a few hundred Naira to several thousand Naira depending on the distance and the negotiation skills of the passenger.
3. Okadas: Motorcycle taxis, or okadas, are a popular and convenient mode of transportation for short distances. The fares for okadas are usually lower than taxis and can range from 50 Naira to 500 Naira depending on the distance and the negotiation with the rider.
4. Keke Napep: Tricycles are another common mode of transportation in Nigeria, especially in urban and semi-urban areas. The fares for keke napeps are similar to okadas and can range from 50 Naira to 300 Naira depending on the distance traveled.
5. Ride-hailing services: Ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt are relatively new in Nigeria but are gaining popularity due to their convenience and safety features. The fares for ride-hailing services are usually higher than traditional taxis but offer comfort and reliability. The fares for these services are calculated based on distance and time taken for the journey.
Overall, the transport fares in Nigeria vary depending on the mode of transportation chosen, the distance traveled, and the negotiation skills of the passengers. It is essential for passengers to be aware of the standard fares and to negotiate effectively to ensure a fair price for their journey.
14. What are the most common complaints or issues faced by commuters using public transportation in Nigeria?
Commuters using public transportation in Nigeria commonly face several complaints and issues, including:
1. Overcrowding: Many public transit vehicles in Nigeria are often overcrowded, leading to discomfort and potential safety hazards for passengers.
2. Poor maintenance: Lack of proper maintenance of public transportation vehicles leads to frequent breakdowns and delays in services.
3. Inadequate infrastructure: The infrastructure for public transportation in Nigeria is often inadequate, with poorly maintained roads and unreliable bus stops or train stations.
4. High fares: Commuters often complain about the high fares charged by public transportation operators, making it unaffordable for many people.
5. Lack of timetable adherence: Public transportation in Nigeria is known for its inconsistent schedules, leading to long wait times and frustration among passengers.
6. Safety concerns: Commuters face safety issues such as reckless driving, vehicle accidents, and incidents of theft or harassment while using public transportation.
7. Poor ventilation and cleanliness: Many public transport vehicles in Nigeria lack proper ventilation and are poorly maintained, leading to discomfort for passengers.
8. Limited accessibility: Some areas in Nigeria have limited access to public transportation services, causing inconvenience for residents in those areas.
9. Lack of transparency: Some public transportation operators in Nigeria are known for unscrupulous practices such as overcharging, leading to distrust among commuters.
10. Inefficient payment systems: Commuters often face challenges with the payment systems used in public transportation, such as long queues for ticket purchase or issues with digital payment options.
15. How important is public transportation in reducing traffic congestion in Nigerian cities?
Public transportation plays a crucial role in reducing traffic congestion in Nigerian cities for several reasons. Firstly, a well-developed public transit system encourages more people to use public transport instead of driving their cars, thereby reducing the number of vehicles on the road and alleviating traffic congestion. Secondly, efficient public transportation systems can provide viable alternatives to driving, especially for those who cannot afford a private vehicle or choose not to drive, further reducing the overall number of vehicles on the road. Thirdly, public transportation can help to optimize road space by moving a larger number of people in fewer vehicles, thereby maximizing the capacity of existing infrastructure and reducing congestion.
Additionally, public transportation can contribute to a more sustainable urban development by promoting compact city designs that are less dependent on individual cars. By encouraging more people to use public transport, cities can reduce emissions, decrease the environmental impact of transportation, and improve air quality. Furthermore, investing in public transportation infrastructure can lead to economic benefits, such as job creation, increased productivity, and overall growth in the transportation sector.
In conclusion, public transportation is essential in reducing traffic congestion in Nigerian cities by offering a convenient, affordable, and efficient alternative to private vehicle use. By investing in and improving public transit systems, cities can help mitigate congestion, improve air quality, promote sustainability, and enhance overall quality of life for their residents.
16. Are there public-private partnerships in the public transportation sector in Nigeria?
Yes, there are public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the public transportation sector in Nigeria. These partnerships have been increasingly used to improve the quality of transportation services and infrastructure in the country. Some examples of public-private partnerships in Nigeria’s transportation sector include:
1. Lagos BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) system: The Lagos State government has partnered with private companies to operate the BRT system in the city. This partnership has helped to improve public transportation services and reduce congestion on the roads.
2. Abuja Light Rail project: The Abuja Light Rail project is a PPP between the Federal Capital Territory Administration and private investors. This project aims to provide a modern and efficient public transportation system in the capital city.
3. Railway rehabilitation projects: The Nigerian government has entered into partnerships with private companies to rehabilitate and modernize the country’s railway infrastructure. These partnerships have helped to revitalize the railway sector and improve the movement of goods and people across the country.
Overall, public-private partnerships play a crucial role in developing Nigeria’s public transportation sector by leveraging the expertise and resources of both the public and private sectors to improve the quality and efficiency of transportation services.
17. How accessible is public transportation for people with disabilities in Nigeria?
Public transportation in Nigeria faces many challenges in terms of accessibility for people with disabilities. This population often encounters barriers when trying to navigate public transit systems due to inadequate infrastructure and lack of disability-friendly vehicles. Some buses and trains do not have ramps or lifts to accommodate passengers with mobility challenges, making it difficult for them to board and alight. Additionally, there is a scarcity of designated seating areas and safety measures for individuals with disabilities, such as grab bars and visual and auditory cues for those who are visually impaired or hearing impaired. Overall, the public transportation system in Nigeria has a long way to go in order to improve accessibility for people with disabilities. Efforts are being made to address these issues, but more resources and prioritization are needed to create a truly inclusive and accessible public transportation system in the country.
18. What are the main factors influencing people’s choice of public transportation in Nigeria?
Several factors influence people’s choice of public transportation in Nigeria. Some of the main ones include:
1. Affordability: The cost of using public transportation is a significant factor for many Nigerians, especially those on a limited budget. Cheaper transportation options are often preferred over more expensive ones.
2. Accessibility: The availability and proximity of public transportation options to people’s homes, workplaces, and other essential destinations play a crucial role in their choice of transportation. People are more likely to use public transit if it is easily accessible.
3. Safety: Safety concerns are also a significant factor influencing people’s choice of public transportation. Passengers want to feel secure while using public transit, and factors such as crime rates, road accidents, and vehicle maintenance impact their decisions.
4. Convenience: The convenience of public transportation in terms of frequency, reliability, and comfort also influences people’s choices. Passengers prefer services that are punctual, comfortable, and provide a smooth travel experience.
5. Traffic congestion: Traffic congestion in Nigerian cities can be severe, leading many people to opt for public transportation as a more efficient way to navigate through congested roads.
6. Environmental impact: With increasing awareness of environmental issues, more people are choosing public transportation as a greener alternative to private vehicles, reducing their carbon footprint.
7. Social factors: Cultural norms and societal perceptions also play a role in people’s transportation choices. For example, some may prefer certain modes of public transportation due to societal expectations or personal preferences.
These factors interact in complex ways to shape individuals’ preferences for public transportation in Nigeria. Policymakers and transport authorities need to consider these factors when planning and improving public transit services to meet the diverse needs of the population.
19. How does the expansion of ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt impact traditional public transportation in Nigeria?
The expansion of ride-hailing services like Uber and Bolt in Nigeria has had a significant impact on traditional public transportation in the country. Here are several ways in which this expansion has influenced the landscape of public transportation:
1. Competition: Ride-hailing services have introduced a new level of competition for traditional public transportation providers such as buses and taxis. This competition has forced traditional providers to improve their services to remain competitive and retain passengers.
2. Convenience: Ride-hailing services offer a level of convenience that traditional public transportation often struggles to match. With the ability to book a ride with just a few taps on a smartphone, passengers can enjoy a more seamless and efficient transportation experience.
3. Cost: While ride-hailing services may initially have been considered more expensive than traditional public transportation options, their competitive pricing and various promotions have made them increasingly affordable and attractive to passengers.
4. Efficiency: Ride-hailing services often provide a more efficient and reliable transportation option compared to traditional public transportation, which can be subject to delays, overcrowding, and inconsistency in service.
5. Technology integration: The use of technology in ride-hailing services has revolutionized the way people access transportation in Nigeria. This technological integration has made the process of booking a ride, tracking its progress, and making digital payments much easier for passengers.
Overall, the expansion of ride-hailing services in Nigeria has disrupted the traditional public transportation sector by offering passengers a more convenient, reliable, and efficient alternative. While traditional public transportation continues to play an important role in the country’s transportation system, ride-hailing services have undoubtedly changed the way people think about and access transportation services.
20. What are some successful public transportation models from other countries that Nigeria could learn from or adapt?
Several successful public transportation models from other countries that Nigeria could learn from or adapt include:
1. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System: The BRT system, implemented in cities like Bogota, Colombia and Istanbul, Turkey, involves dedicated bus lanes, pre-board fare collection, and high-frequency service. This model could help improve the efficiency and reliability of public bus services in Nigerian cities.
2. Metro Rail Systems: Cities such as Tokyo, Japan and Paris, France have well-established metro rail systems that provide fast, reliable, and environmentally friendly transportation options. Nigeria could consider developing metro systems in its major urban centers to ease traffic congestion and reduce reliance on private cars.
3. Integrated Transport Hubs: Singapore’s integrated transport hubs, which combine multiple modes of transport such as buses, trains, and bikes in one location, offer seamless connectivity for commuters. Nigeria could benefit from a similar approach to improve the overall transit experience for passengers.
4. Cycling Infrastructure: Cities like Copenhagen, Denmark and Amsterdam, Netherlands have extensive cycling infrastructure, including dedicated bike lanes and bike-sharing schemes. Nigeria could invest in cycling facilities to promote sustainable and healthy transportation options for its residents.
By studying and adapting successful public transportation models from other countries, Nigeria can enhance its transit network, reduce congestion, improve air quality, and promote sustainable urban development.